Julian Rotter  (born October 22, 1916) was born in Brooklyn in 1916 an American psychologist who is known for developing influential theories, including social learning theory and locus of control. Is a high school student. he became familiar with some of the writings of Freud and Adler, but he majored in chemistry rather than psychology while at Brooklyn College. In 1941, he received a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Indiana University. Rotter moved away from theories based on psychoanalysis and behaviourism, and developed a social learning theory. In Social Learning and Clinical Psychology (1954).

Predicting Specific Behaviors.

Behavior Potential- these are the possibility that a particular response will occur at a given time and place in a relation to its likekly reinforcement.

Expentancy- it can be general or specific ,a nd the overall likelihood of success is a function of both generalized and specific expectancies.

Reinforcement Value-  is a person's preference for any particular reinforcement over other reinforcements if all are equally likely to occur , it refers to desirability outcomes things that we want to happen , that we are attracted to and have a reinforcement value. Things that we don’t want to wish for , that were not attracted to , that we wish to avoid , have a low reinforcement value.

The Predictive Formula is:  Behavior Potential (BP), Expectancy (E) and Reinforcement Value (RV) can be combined into a predictive formula for behavior.

BP = f(E & RV)

A Rotter therapist also wants clients to consider the long-term consequences of behavior, rather than just short-term consequences.